Scalability & Performances
XWiki is written in Java/Java EE. As such it scales as well as Java scales.
Virtual wikis
As an example XWiki's wiki farm currently has 10000+ wikis created (running on 2 clustered JVMs). This is using the unique Virtual wiki feature of XWiki (This is the ability to have several wikis running on a single JVM).
See the tutorial on how to set up a Virtual XWiki environment to learn more.
Clustering
XWiki provides an easy way to setup clustered instances of XWiki based on network events distribution.
See Clustering for more details.
Peer to Peer (Future)
See the Concerto project.